In Arizona, the desire to build a short-barreled rifle (SBR) can stem from both aesthetic preferences and the functional advantages these firearms offer. Whether you're an avid gun enthusiast or someone looking to understand the intricacies of firearm construction and regulation, this comprehensive guide will provide you with all the essential information you need to know about building an SBR in AZ.
Understanding Short-Barreled Rifles
A Short-Barreled Rifle (SBR) is defined under U.S. law as any rifle with a barrel length less than 16 inches or an overall length less than 26 inches. Here’s why they are appealing to many:
- Compactness: Ideal for home defense or mobility in tight spaces.
- Concealability: Easier to conceal due to reduced size.
- Handling: Faster target acquisition and improved maneuverability.
🔍 Note: The National Firearms Act (NFA) regulates SBRs, and they must be registered with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF).
Legal Considerations in Arizona
Arizona has relatively relaxed gun laws compared to many other states, but building an SBR still requires compliance with federal laws:
- NFA Registration: Before you begin, you must submit an application to the ATF and pay a one-time $200 tax.
- Approval Process: Waiting for approval can take several months. Ensure all documents are correctly filed.
- State Compliance: While Arizona does not impose additional restrictions on SBRs, always check for updates in state laws.
Steps to Build Your SBR
Step 1: Design and Research
Before any practical steps, take time to research:
- Understand the dimensions, performance, and regulations around different SBR components.
- Decide on the caliber, barrel length, gas system, and other features that suit your needs.
Step 2: Purchase or Assemble Components
You have two options:
- Buy a Complete Kit: Simplifies the process but might limit customization.
- Custom Build: Allows for personalization but requires more time and potentially higher costs.
Step 3: Submit Form 1 and Get Approval
Here’s how to do it:
- Complete Form 1 from the ATF. This form allows you to manufacture your SBR.
- Submit fingerprints and passport photos along with your application.
- Pay the $200 tax stamp. Remember, this payment is only needed once for each SBR built.
- Wait for approval; the process can take 6-12 months.
Step 4: Construction
Once you receive approval:
- Construct your rifle following all safety protocols.
- Engrave the serial number provided by the ATF onto your receiver.
- Assemble all parts, ensuring everything functions correctly and safely.
Step 5: Compliance and Paperwork
After construction:
- File a Form 5320.23 for special occupational tax if applicable.
- Complete a transfer form if you’re building for someone else.
Final Thoughts
Embarking on the journey to build an SBR in Arizona involves understanding and navigating both federal and state laws, a meticulous attention to detail in construction, and patience during the approval process. By following the steps outlined above, you can legally and safely construct a firearm tailored to your personal needs, enhancing both your collection and your personal defense strategy.
What is the difference between an AR pistol and an SBR?
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An AR pistol is any firearm built with a braced or conventional pistol stock, which does not require NFA registration. An SBR, however, has a stock and a barrel less than 16 inches, thus requiring registration under the NFA.
Can I move with my SBR to another state?
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Yes, but you must notify the ATF of any permanent change of address. Some states might have laws restricting SBRs, so check local regulations before moving.
What happens if I change or modify my SBR?
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Changes to the barrel length or overall length might require additional registration or modification of the current registration. Modifying it to a non-SBR status (e.g., adding a longer barrel) does not require any paperwork.
